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81.
YiJianCHEN GuiYingXU ShiLingYUAN HaiYingSUN 《中国化学快报》2005,16(5):688-690
Molecular dynamics (MD) simulation are used to study the properties of gemini surfactant of ethyl-α,ω-bis(dodecyldimethylammonium bromide) (C12C2C12) and dodecyl-trimethylammonium bromide (DTAB) at the air/water interface, respectively. In the two systems,t he surfactant concentrations are both 28 wt.%, and other conditions are also the same. After reaching the thermodynamic equilibrium, the concentration profiles, the radial distributions functions (RDF) and the mean squared displacement (MSD) are investigated. The results reveal that the surface activity of C12C2C12 surfactant is higher than DTAB surfactant. 相似文献
82.
The effects of radiofrequency (RF) (1–4) and magnetic fields (5–9) on the behavior of aqueous solutions and suspensions have been a popular subject in recent years. The mechanism of the magnetic “water memory” effect, though, is still largely unknown (5). In this work, we present evidence that the primary “receptor” of the electromagnetic radiation is a gas/liquid interface. Gas can be either already present in water or produced by the effects of electromagnetic fields. Perturbed gas/liquid interfaces require hours to equilibrate. Certain RF and magnetic signals also produce reactive oxygen and hydrogen species (superoxide, hydrogen peroxide, hydrogen, atomic hydrogen). The perturbed gas/liquid interface modifies the hydrogen bonding networks in water and also the hydration of ions and interfaces. Careful outgassing removes all of the effects of the electromagnetic fields, including the magnetic memory effect. The amplitude of the applied field influences the observed effects. Different amplitudes of RF radiation perturb the interfacial water in different ways and consequently affect the behavior of colloids and ions in specific manners. For instance, the bulk and template precipitation of calcium carbonate, zeta potentials of suspended colloids, rate of dissolution of colloidal silica, and attachment of colloidal silica to metal surfaces are modified in specific ways with the low amplitude or high amplitude RF treatments described in this paper. The solubility/diffusivity of gas species is also modified in a different manner, and it is probably at the core of the specificity of the RF amplitude effects. 相似文献
83.
84.
Harry J. Whitlow Margaretha Andersson Mikael Hult Leif Persson Mohamed El Bouanani Mikael Östling Carina Zaring Nils Lundberg David D. Cohen Nick Dytlewski Peter N. Johnston Ian F. Bubb Scott R. Walker Erik Johanson Sture Hogmark P. Anders Ingemarsson 《Mikrochimica acta》1995,120(1-4):171-181
Recoil Spectrometry covers a group of techniques that are very similar to the well known Rutherford backscattering Spectrometry technique, but with the important difference that one measures the recoiling target atom rather than the projectile ion. This makes it possible to determine both the identity of the recoil and its depth of origin from its energy and velocity, using a suitable detector system. The incident ion is typically high-energy (30–100MeV)35C1,81Br or127I. Low concentrations of light elements such as C, O and N can be profiled in a heavy matrix such as Fe or GaAs. Here we present an overview of mass and energy dispersive recoil Spectrometry and illustrate its successful use in some typical applications. 相似文献
85.
WADOOD Y. HAMAD 《Cellulose (London, England)》1997,4(1):51-56
Wood-pulp fibres are recognized as concentrically-layered, laminated composite tubes of structural reinforcing material, the
cellulose microfibrils, embedded in a cementing matrix of hemicellulose and lignin. When the single fibres are subjected to
cyclic mechanical action, their morphological behaviour is characterized by the fatigue growth of micro-voids and surface
damage which individually and collectively give rise to stress concentrations, and eventually crack development. The progressive
damage phenomena, evinced by the surface imaging and optical sectioning techniques through utilizing confocal laser scanning
microscopy, are understood to be consequences of the cumulative material micromechanical degradation and subsequent microstructural
breakdown of the cellulose microfibrillar framework. This structural breakdown is believed to effect the fibrillation and
flexibilization of the fibres
This revised version was published online in August 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献
86.
Chemical reactions occurring at the mineral–water interface are controlled by an interfacial layer, nanometers thick, whose properties may deviate from those of the respective bulk mineral and water phases. The molecular-scale structure of this interfacial layer, however, is poorly constrained, and correlations between macroscopic phenomena and molecular-scale processes remain speculative. The application of high-resolution X-ray scattering techniques has begun to provide substantial new insights into the molecular-scale structure of the mineral–water interface. In this review, we describe the characteristics of synchrotron-based X-ray scattering techniques that make them uniquely powerful probes of mineral–water interfacial structures and discuss the new insights that have been derived from their application. In particular, we focus on efforts to understand the structure and distribution of interfacial water as well as their dependence on substrate properties for major mineral classes including oxides, carbonates, sulfates, phosphates, silicates, halides and chromates. We compare these X-ray scattering results with those from other structural and spectroscopic techniques and integrate these to provide a conceptual framework upon which to base an understanding of the systematic variation of mineral–water interfacial structures. 相似文献
87.
碳氟链与碳氢链表面活性剂在固液界面上的吸附 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
全氟辛酸及其钠盐和十二烷基硫酸钠在R972上的吸附等温线均为S型或LS型,指示固液界面吸附过程中有表面疏水缔合物生成.碳氟表面活性剂的饱和吸附量显著高于碳氢表面活性剂的饱和吸附量.加电解质于液相使各体系吸附量上升.对于碳氟表面活性剂,甚至引起吸附等温线类型变化.例如,不加电解质时全氟辛酸在R972上的吸附等温线为S型,而加入HCl(c=0.05mol·dm-3)使吸附等混线变成LS型.全氟辛酸比全氟辛酸钠在R972上的吸附更强.几种表面活性剂在R972上的吸附均随温度升高而减少。应用两阶段吸附模型及通用吸附等温线公式可以很好地解释所得实验结果. 相似文献
88.
Zhengbin Zhang Liansheng Liu Hongbin Zhao Youjun Fu Fengyun Cheng Weihong Zhao 《中国科学B辑(英文版)》1997,40(4):353-364
A new method for the study of ternary surface complexes at liquid-solid interface, theE(%) -pH curve method, was proposed. Four types ofE(%)-pH curves, namely, phenomenon of left-right shifts of S-shaped curve, V-shaped curve, monodirection shift curve and X-shaped
curve, were discovered. Correspondingly, apart from type (I) ternary surface complex
and type (II) ternary surface complex
, a new type of ternary surface complex
was discovered.
Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China and the Fund of Doctoral Degree’s Spot. 相似文献
89.
Alexander S. Bondarenko Genady A. Ragoisha 《Journal of Solid State Electrochemistry》2005,9(12):845-849
Potentiodynamic electrochemical impedance spectroscopy provides extraction of potential-dependent space charge layer capacitance
from potentiodynamic impedance spectra of non-stationary semiconductor–electrolyte interface. The new technique has been applied
for acquisition of Mott-Schottky plots of cathodically treated TiO2 anodic films. Cathodic treatment in 1 M H2SO4 increases donor density and flat band potential of TiO2. Freshly doped films show hysteresis in the space charge layer capacitance in cyclic potential scans. The subsequent cycling
eliminates the hysteresis but preserves the greater part of the doping effect.
Presented at the 4th Baltic Conference on Electrochemistry, Greifswald, 13–16 March 2005 相似文献
90.
MinNaYAO YaoQunLI 《中国化学快报》2004,15(1):109-111
Total imernal reflection fluorescence spectroscopy (TIRF) and synchronous scanning technique were combined to study the adsorption behavior of the meso-tetrakis (4-sulfonatophenyl)porphyrin (TPPS) at the glass-water interface without any surfactant. The pH dependence of synchronous fluorescence signal at the interface was analyzed. Both unprotonated (TPPS^4-) and diprotonated (H2TPPS^2-) forms of TPPS were observed at the interface. But the interface favored the adsorption of. The apparent estimated pKa2 value shifted from 5.00 in the bulk solution to 2.7 at the interface. STIRF provides a good technique to study multi-component systems at the interface. 相似文献